Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay

Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay An advertisement crusade comprises of numerous adverts that are made to advance a specific item or thought. An advert affects the arrangement of visual pictures in the brain of a beneficiary impacting their view of a thing or a thought. A business promotion is planned for empowering the acquisition of a particular item. The nature of an ad is estimated against its adequacy in its capacity to impact people’s conduct or supposition. For a business promotion, its prosperity is found in the expansion in buys because of the advert. Promotions are introduced in either the sound structure on radios, or the visual structure in papers and magazines. They can likewise be in a mix of both as on TV and online video cuts. This report will clarify different pieces of an advert utilizing the Dior J’Adore scent as the case of reference. The Dior J’Adore Advert The most current J’Adore was propelled on the fourth September 2011 so as to restore the Eau de Toilette brand and increment the familiarity with a film highlighting the brand diplomat Charlize Theron. Aside from Charlize, different on-screen characters, who included in the crusade, are Marilyn Monroe, Marlene Dietrich and Grace Kelly. The battle was spread over the world in various media: online at their site, TV for a moment TF1, a French TV station, and it was additionally in printed notices. The crusade was commonly fruitful in all the nations it showed up (Annaud 2011). The advertisement begins with Theron showing up later than expected for the catwalk. She runs upstairs gowned in dark. At that point she enters, advancing rapidly passing all the individuals who don't appear to see her. She goes to the behind the stage, where she gets ready for the catwalk. There are different models, including Marlene, Grace and Marilyn, who are additionally bustling putting on cosmetics. The area of the catwalk and the anticipating swarm lays the right foundation for style. Theron enters the runway wearing a yellow outfit, a similar shading as the Eau de Parfum, which she conveys. The advert closes there leaving the buyer to perceive what occurs next from that point as they watch the full brand film (Shapland 2011). Close by the TV and online promotion, there was a printed advert that showed up in magazines and papers. The advertisement is an image of Theron and the scent. Theron is wearing a similar outfit she wore on the runway in the TV advertisement. The principal print was done in France, in any case, the ensuing prints made them wear distinctive garments and presenting in an unexpected way. As an afterthought, there is the name of the makers of the aroma: Dior (J’Adore 1 Dior adverts and ads file n.d.). Characteristics of a Good Ad Campaign An advertisement battle is typically done in a wide range of media. For example, Dior J’Adore was propelled online in different channels, including MSN’s channels, women’s channels, extravagance channels and Windows live messages that drove the clients to their site, where they viewed the ad film. Promoting in various kinds of media is planned for arriving at a wide gathering of individuals. Every one of this webpage urging individuals to visit J’Adore site (Microsoft Advertising resuscitate the J’Adore Fragrance n.d.). Another quality of a promotion crusade is that it is propelled in different places simultaneously like on account of Dior J’Adore was propelled in a range of twenty four hours in fourteen nations. These nations included China, France, Korea, Argentine, Belgium, Mexico, Russia, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK and UAE. The nations are scattered over the world with even some being in entirely unexpected landmasses. This implies the crusade covers an impressive region geologically (Microsoft Advertising restore the J’Adore Fragrance n.d.). A promotion likewise can develop an enthusiastic association with the cerebrum of the purchaser (10 models for an effective advertisement n.d.). In the event that it makes an enthusiastic encounter noteworthy enough that it is recollected, this promotion, in its turn, resounds with the crowd. This makes customers want to purchase the item as they can relate to it. Dior J’Adore associates with the cerebrum of the crowd as it starts at the passage of Charlize Theron, who is late for the catwalk. Being late is something that happens to some, in this way, permitting the advertisement to interface with the crowd. Moreover, it has music playing nearby, which likewise expands the incitement of feeling, which upgrades the memorability of the advert. What's more, a promotion should be to a greater extent a discussion instead of a straightforward writing. In spite of the fact that there is no a very remarkable discussion going on in the Dior J’Adore promotion because of the music that is remembered for the advertisement, there is an association among Charlize and different models getting ready in the behind the stage. Moreover, the models themselves appear to be in correspondence with their beauticians as they get ready to make it catch the crowd more as though it was only a basic exposition. An advertisement frequently includes big names so as to catch the consideration of their intended interest group. Dior JAdore utilizes four on-screen characters. Charlize is the fundamental model in the notice, and she meets with others putting on their cosmetics and having their hair styled at the behind the stage (Mackalski 2012). What's more, for the print advert, Theron is as yet the substance of the aroma. The enthusiasts of a specific VIP will purchase an item since they partner with the specific item. An advertisement should guarantee a compensation for the crowd. For an advertisement to be successful, it needs to guarantee the crowd that on the off chance that they proceed with they will get a prize. On the off chance that the crowd gets the principle message toward the start, at that point they won't be keen on finishing and get all the subtleties (10 models for an effective promotion n.d.). Dior acknowledges this reality, and that is the reason they just offer a fifteen second knowledge to the full film on their landing page. This makes a thought in the psyche of the shopper that on the off chance that they go to the site, they will get the prize of viewing the entire film and realize what the entire film is about. An advertisement mirrors a company’s character. An advertisement offers the organization a chance to demonstrate purposes behind it to be loved or regarded. It is better than the sales rep in showing the company’s character. An untidy promotion will show that the entire organization works in a sloppy way, and every one of its viewpoints is chaotic (10 models for an effective advertisement n.d.). An advertisement that is brimming with gloating and flaunting shows that the organization is narcissistic and couldn't care less about the clients of their items. A dull advert shows that the organization probably won't be at speed with the most recent turn of events. As far as the J’Adore battle, it is vivacious and shows the tastefulness. Concerning print advert, the foundation is additionally selective as it is equivalent to in the TV advert. The advertisement is clear and brilliant, pulling in the eye of the peruser. This makes those, who acknowledge extravagance, sim ilar to it. This clarifies the achievement the crusade had in China, where extravagance adverts are genuinely esteemed. Mzoughi and Abdelhak encourage that a visual figure in the promotion has more impact on the psychological symbolism than verbal figures (Mzoughi Abdelhak 2011, p. 258). This can clarify that the achievement of the crusade is owing to the solid visual figure. The impact of the promotion is more than what might have been accomplished if rather somebody just advised motivations to watch the film or even buy the aroma. This likewise clarifies the accomplishment of the print advert as it has a solid picture that draws in the consideration of the peruser. As indicated by Mzoughi and Abdelhak (2011, p. 259), the accomplishment of an advert relies upon the mentality of the purchaser towards it. As indicated by the examination, the accomplishment of an advert isn't influenced by the visual or vertical talk in the commercial. This is to state that the accomplishment of any promotion ought not be ascribed exclusively to the innovativeness in the commercial. The buyer supposedly is with practically all control of whether the promotion succeeds or not. The Dior crusade should, in this manner, welcome the positive picture that the organization has made after some time by giving quality items. Portions of a Visual Advertisement It is made of four sections, specifically the heading, a focal visual, the company’s logo and body duplicate. The feature is a piece of the substance in an advert that a purchaser finds so as to comprehend what the advertisement is passing on. It catches the interesting nature of the item. The feature should be astute, brilliant, interesting and direct so as to pass the principle thought of the advert plainly. Now and again, when the visual conveys firmly, at that point the feature isn't required (Bear 2013). Dior J’Adore has an infectious heading on that is written in striking letters, however it isn't astounding that it gets the enthusiasm of those, who visits this site, since it incorporates the name of acclaimed entertainer, Charlize Theron in the heading. In the print advert, the visual is solid, so the heading is excluded. The subsequent part is the visual: Dior J’Adore has a film that highlights four entertainers. The principle model in the advertisement shows up later than expected for the catwalk and finds the others in progress their arrangement. She prepares herself, at that point strolls the runway conveying a jug of the aroma, which she presents to the anticipating individuals and columnists (Diderich 2011). The magazine and papers have the photograph of the container of the scent one next to the other with Theron, the substance of J’Adore. Another significant piece of an advertisement is the company’s logo. Its motivation is to advise the crowd, who is selling the item or administration. The printed rendition of the advertisement has the logo of Dior J’Adore remembered for the picture with the goal that anybody, who sees the promotion, becomes more acquainted with the organization that made the scent. In this advertisement, the character is high

Describe a Few of the Interesting Characters in Your Class free essay sample

My class is loaded with magnificent characters that make we all happy to examine. There are twenty-two understudies in my group and just seven of them are young men. Our structure instructor is Encik Azmi container Nusi. We have a brilliant screen who carries out each responsibility given to her mindfully. She is Uma Devi a/p Nagiah and she never grumbles about doing tasks without a colleague. The greater part of the understudies are Malays. There are just four Indian young ladies and four Chinese understudies. Our class is one of the noisiest class in light of the fascinating characters we have. Uma Devi is picked to be our screen basically in light of her gutsiness to stand up to a portion of the insubordinate understudies who are typically Azizi and Amin in our group. Were the understudies concurred? They unquestionably were. Barely any protest was voiced to pick Uma as the screen. With 170 centimeters tall and a noisy voice that can break any fantasies, she is the ideal decision. Despite the fact that this Indian young lady is exacting, she additionally has a decent comical inclination. That is the reason a large number of us can't detest her for quite a while. In addition, she is extremely beautiful with two since quite a while ago twisted dark hair and a grin, which isn't frequently she does. She only sometimes grin however when she does, it is much the same as a sun sparkling after down heavy storm. We will consistently feel happy and soothed to see her grin. Her earnestness in carrying out her responsibility is estimable and she is useful as well, to get another dateline for our schoolworks from the instructor. Because of that, we generally appreciate and regard her. Depicting the intriguing characters with regards to my group, I think that its hard to desert Rosmaliza. She is an extremely impossible to miss and intriguing young lady with regards to our group. She is just 155 centimeters tall however she was thin with wonderful highlights. The sleepyhead in our group? She unquestionably is the all in all. We were unable to quit chuckling when pondering her humiliating circumstances in our group. Sometime in the past Mr. Ling, our Additional Mathematics instructor was instructing in our group and dear Rosmaliza was resting. Mr. Ling saw she was sleeping and got out her name to wake her up and she woke up. Awakening and muttering incongruously, she out of nowhere stood up and towards the slate, believing that Mr. Ling needed her to finish a few inquiries on the board. After some ungainly quietness, she came back to her seat looking red everywhere. All the schoolmates burst out chuckling at her demonstration. Be that as it may, she stayed indifferent, in spite of the fact that her red face uncovered what she felt. Something else that we discover clever is the manner in which she giggled. It was boisterous and seemed like a chuckle. That is so exceptional and can be said as her ‘trademark’. The other character in my group that I discovered intriguing is Fozie. He is a significant humorist with the dedicated buddy, Ja’far. Fozie is extremely entertaining and he could cause a hullaballoo with his unconstrained jokes. He is 162 centimeters tall and has a charming, naughty face. Be that as it may, he doesn't get into a ton of issue with his fiendishness. He is very lovable as a result of his accommodation and consideration. He is most likely the best person in our group. Something else that we discovered astounding about him is the manner in which he hypnotized school’s youngsters. Numerous understudies, particularly young ladies from lower structure venerate and respect him. The explanation? Perhaps it essentially as a result of his benevolence and some charming blasts over his brow. Nonetheless, he is a solid person that we could rely upon to satisfy a few educators at whatever point some of them are furious. All that I can finish up from these fascinating characters is that they are magnificent to be with. Albeit some of them are bizarre, yet the distinction can just include the forte. Also, they unquestionably bring shades of delight and evil in our reality as an understudy. Life in school would just be so exhausting without them.

Harry Harlow and the Nature of Love and Affection

Harry Harlow and the Nature of Love and Affection History and Biographies Print Harry Harlow and the Nature of Affection By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 15, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 13, 2019 Martin Rogers / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Love and Affection Wire Mother Experiment Fear and Security The Impact of Harlow’s Research View All Back To Top Harry Harlow was one of the first psychologists to scientifically investigate the nature of human love and affection. Through a series of controversial experiments, Harlow was able to demonstrate the importance of early attachments, affection, and emotional bonds on the course of healthy development. A History of Research on Love and Affection During the first half of the 20th century, many psychologists believed that showing affection towards children was merely a sentimental gesture that served no real purpose. Behaviorist John B. Watson once even went so far as to warn parents, When you are tempted to pet your child, remember that mother love is a dangerous instrument. According to many thinkers of the day, affection would only spread diseases and lead to adult psychological problems. During this time, psychologists were motivated to prove their field as a rigorous science. The behaviorist movement dominated psychology and urged researchers to study only observable and measurable behaviors. An American psychologist named Harry Harlow, however, became interested in studying a topic that was not so easy to quantify and measureâ€"love. In a series of controversial experiments conducted during the 1960s, Harlow demonstrated the powerful effects of love and in particular, the absence of love.  By showing the devastating effects of deprivation on young rhesus monkeys, Harlow revealed the importance of a caregivers love for healthy childhood development. Harlows experiments were often unethical and shockingly cruel, yet they uncovered fundamental truths that have heavily influenced our understanding of child development. The Wire Mother Experiment Harlow noted that very little attention had been devoted to the experimental research of love. Because of the dearth of experimentation, theories about the fundamental nature of affection have evolved at the level of observation, intuition, and discerning guesswork, whether these have been proposed by psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, physicians, or psychoanalysts, he noted. Many of the existing theories of love centered on the idea that the earliest attachment between a mother and child was merely a means for the child to obtain food, relieve thirst, and avoid pain. Harlow, however, believed that this behavioral view of mother-child attachments was an inadequate explanation. Harlow’s most famous experiment involved giving young rhesus monkeys a choice between two different mothers. One was made of soft terrycloth but provided no food. The other was made of wire but provided nourishment from an attached baby bottle. Harlow removed young monkeys from their natural mothers a few hours after birth and left them to be raised by these mother surrogates. The experiment demonstrated that the baby monkeys spent significantly more time with their cloth mother than with their wire mother. In other words, the infant monkeys went to the wire mother only for food but preferred to spend their time with the soft, comforting cloth mother when they were not eating. These data make it obvious that contact comfort is a variable of overwhelming importance in the development of affectional response, whereas lactation is a variable of negligible importance, Harlow explained. Fear, Security, and Attachment In a later experiment, Harlow demonstrated that young monkeys would also turn to their cloth surrogate mother for comfort and security. Using a  strange situation technique similar to the one created by attachment researcher Mary Ainsworth, Harlow allowed the young monkeys to explore a room either in the presence of their surrogate mother or in her absence. Monkeys in the presence of their mother would use her as a secure base to explore the room. When the surrogate mothers were removed from the room, the effects were dramatic. The young monkeys no longer had their secure base for exploration  and would often freeze up, crouch, rock, scream, and cry. Harlow’s experiments offered irrefutable proof that love is vital for normal childhood development. Additional experiments by Harlow revealed the long-term devastation caused by deprivation, leading to profound psychological and emotional distress and even death. The Impact of Harlow’s Research Harlow’s work, as well as important research by psychologists John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, helped influence key changes in how orphanages, adoption agencies, social services groups, and child care providers approached the care of children. While Harry Harlows work led to acclaim and generated a wealth of research on love, affection, and interpersonal relationships, his own personal life soon began to crumble. After the terminal illness of his wife, he became engulfed by alcoholism and depression, eventually becoming estranged from his own children. Colleagues frequently described him as sarcastic, mean-spirited, misanthropic, chauvinistic, and cruel. Despite the turmoil that marked his later personal life, Harlows enduring legacy reinforced the importance of emotional support, affection, and love in the development of children. A Word From Verywell Harlows work was controversial in his own time and continues to draw criticism today. While such experiments present major ethical dilemmas, his work helped inspire a shift in the way that we think about children and development and helped researchers better understand both the nature and importance  of love.

unity is strength - 981 Words

UNITY IS STRENGTH If united a smallest nation rises If discord a powerful country falls. Men were bound within the stone age then they came together and formed family again society community gradually country finally a long tale of the world where the terminology Unity stand as vivacious virtue of the human world. Man is a rational being of the universe. He doesn t have masculine claws as tiger, he can t run as fast as leopard nor he can produce food for himself though the united force of people have supported them to possess†¦show more content†¦Paradoxically, man is in the zenith of revolutionary chain and he is becoming the slave of the machine. Though science is boon to the mankind, it has also influenced for lonely life. Computer, television, mobile and many other devices are breaking the barrier of unity. Defer not till tomorrow to get united and to be wise Tomorrow sun may never rise. Every individual must carry the feeling of patriotism which will let the nation forward towards the ocean of unity. Especially these days youth are fascinated to live their life freely.In the name of freedom they ignore their parents, society and finally the entire world that may work havoc and devastation. Similarly we have problems of groupism in our society. The notorious and evil minded people form their own circle hatching the eggs of jingoism and wars. The entire world was fragmented and the agony of the atom bombs were destroying the world. The world wars 1 and 2 ,wars between India and Pakistan, the Anglo Nepal War was worsening the brotherhood between people. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were virtually in tears, Nepal (Aama) was consulting its people abandoning her own territory and even Iraq was in joy dropping sophisticated bombs starving its people to death. All the stories of melancholy resulted fragmentation but people can dope in their veins, keep hope of unityShow MoreRelated Grapes of Wrath Essay: Theme of Strength Through Unity987 Words   |  4 Pages Theme of Strength Through Unity in The Grapes of Wrathnbsp;nbsp; The traditional human family represents a necessary transition between self and community. In the difficult era of the 1930s, the familys role shifted to guard against a hostile outside world rather than to provide a link with it. With the drought in the Dust Bowl and other tragedies of the Great Depression, many were forced to look beyond the traditional family unit and embrace their kinship with others of similar necessityRead MoreUnity Is Strength For Enhancing Educational And Economic Growth For Members2107 Words   |  9 PagesUNITY IS STRENGTH Fahammy foundation | Moving as a unit CONSTITUTION OF FAHAMMY FOUNDATION Read MoreThe Strength of Unity A sense of community was a necessity for many Americans during the era of1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strength of Unity A sense of community was a necessity for many Americans during the era of the Great Depression. With the drought in the Dust Bowl and other catastrophes, many were forced to relocate elsewhere in attempt to survive. The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, illustrates the importance of unity during privation through the idea that members of society must work in unison to achieve a common goal. Steinbeck demonstrates this theme through multiple aspects in the book. BeingRead MoreHerodotus: The Battle of Thermopylae in The 300 Spartans1127 Words   |  4 Pagesstorytelling. Greek unity during the Persian Wars is portrayed as an abundant in The Histories and a critical component to the success of the Greeks. The film highlights the significance of unity amongst the Greeks, embellishing on this theme that is constant in Herodotus’ writings. Identified by Themistocles in the film, unity is the strength and weakness of Greece, declaring â€Å"Unity! Remember that one terrible word which will surely destroy Greece, unless we counter it with a unity of our own.† ThisRead MoreScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath1720 Words   |  7 Pages use different methods to portray them. Similarities in themes can be made between the two texts; these include the pursuit of the American Dream and the use and misuse of wealth. Other themes are also central to each novel, the strength in unity and the influence of female characters. The presentation of these similar themes is different, by the use of characters, setting, society, plot, and style and techniques employed by the author. The pairing of these two texts gave Read MoreAmerica s Regional Division Is One Of A Kind1114 Words   |  5 Pagesare divided regionally, whether that be states or provinces, and Canada s regional division is one of a kind. Regionalism in Canada is more prevalent than anywhere else, and each region has a substantial amount of force and sway within Canada. The strength of regionalism in Canada stems from its federal government system, Canada s geological make-up, and the prominence of the Quebecois. In the context of Canada, â€Å"region† will be considered as the provinces within Canada. Regionalism is defined asRead MoreEssay about Germania: Tacitus’ Perceptions of Pax Romana Rome1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthat Tacitus interjects the text with his own opinions about the Empire. For example, Tacitus’ cynicism with the supposed power and strength of the Empire is revealed through his descriptions of the strength of the Germans. In this time period, the Empire represented the paragon of strength in a society, but Tacitus immediately brings attention to the hardiness and unity of the Germans in their barbaric wasteland. While the Romans enjoyed a temperate Mediterranean climate, the Germans lived in a placeRead MoreEssay about Unity Bank1130 Words   |  5 PagesUNITY BANK: REALIZING VALUE FROM AN MA INTEGRATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY †¢ †¢ †¢ Oct-Nov 2006: Smaller company acquires a market leader June 2007: major integration: systems operations Unity’s integration goals: †¢ Save $60 million worth of IT expenses within 3 years on staff and infrastructure †¢ Wants to be the world’s #1 provider of share registry services †¢ Maximize shareholder wealth CIO, Stuart Irving worries: †¢ Lack of due diligence because of legal problems †¢ Hart Scott Rodino Act preventedRead MoreUnification of Italy Dbq Essay example773 Words   |  4 Pagesunified so that he could return to his home said, â€Å"Unity, because without unity there can be no true nation, and without unity there is no strength.† (DOC 1) People for unification believed the combining of Italy states would be beneficial in the end. Vincenzo Gioberti, a priest from Piedmont, said, â€Å"The benefits Italy would gain from a political confederation under the moderating authority of the pontiff are beyon d enumeration†¦would increase the strength of the various princes without damaging their

The Origins Of Racism - 1281 Words

The origins of racism in our individual lives are difficult to trace. Our everyday lives are polluted with racist jokes, unfair treatment, and inequality. As well as negative stereotypes that create disadvantages, in the work place, education, and in public. We are constantly surrounded by this polluted air and must face these disadvantages. No matter what race, color, class or gender we are, we have a voice and the ability to counteract racism and prejudices and eliminate the racial smog that surrounds us all. , according to Tatum’s theory, our thoughts and actions stem from the distortions and stereotypes we learned as young children. In Tatum’s words, we are all surrounded by a racial â€Å"smog† – images and messages that affirm the assumed superiority of Whites and the assumed inferiority of colored† (Tatum, Defining Racism, 126). Tatum argues that media portrayals of Latin women contribute heavily to this smog. Most media portray of the Latina culture as a â€Å"hot tamale,† â€Å"sexual fire band,† and as a â€Å"housemaid or counter girl... mispronouncing words and cooking† (Tatum, Defining Racism 128). They are also associated with the stereotype of being a low class, domesticated, over the top sexy Latin woman who never grasped the foundation of being an American woman. As Tatum details in his article he mentions a Latin woman who grew up in a place, where at a young age, she was taught to embrace her culture and the tradition of dress as a mature woman in bright colors. ToShow MoreRelatedOrigins of Racism Essay2456 Words   |  10 PagesOrigins of Racism There are many theories that attempt to identify the precise origins of racism. The three articles that were designated for reading each try to answer the question of what are the sources of racism. Of the three, I found that both Loewenberg#61501;s and Allport#61501;s arguments combined best explain where racism stems from. By using the aforementioned articles I will assert my opinion of the subject, and use past and current class readings to support my argument. In doingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article School s Discipline For Girls Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal Racism in the United States In her article, â€Å"School’s Discipline for Girls Differs by Race and Hue (2014),† Tanzina Vega emphasises and addresses the issue of societal racism by sharing with the reader the personal experiences of young African American girls within the school disciplinary system in the United States. Through examining these girls experiences, it becomes apparent that societal racism, or racism that is overwhelmingly and systemically prevalent and entrenched in all aspectsRead MoreRacism : The Roots Of Racism1144 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor issue of racism in America and the effect it had on the people at the receiving end.The book showed how the whole government system was racist and would not allow the non-whites to uplift.As a result they always remained in poverty.So as part of my research assignment I decided to conduct research on racism. My hypothesis was that even though racist policies have ended racism is still a major issue in the society .I broke my research down to 3 primary question. Origin of racism in America.WhatRead MoreImpact Of Colonia On Indian Ocean And The Trans Atlantic Trading Systems848 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of the Impact of Colonia Racism in the Indian Ocean and the Trans-Atlantic Trading Systems This African study will compare the impact of colonial racism as part of the exploitation of African people by European traders in the Indian Ocean and trans-Atlantic trade systems. The origin of international trade in the Indian Ocean stemmed from the arrival of the Portuguese, which sought out gold and loot to be taken from the Swahili peoples. In this manner, the Swahili were not technologicallyRead More Du Bois vs. Cox Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment their own opinion. How did this concept of race develop into the immense issue we are facing now? According to Oliver C. Cox, the origin of race relations starts with ideas of ethnocentrism, intolerance, and racism. W. E. B. Du Bois said that if what want to find the truth out about race we need to look at the history of the world past the last centuries. The origin of race in my judgment as resulted from both history and the concepts mentioned in Cox’s opinion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;HeRead MoreRacism And The Immigration Restriction Act Of 19011432 Words   |  6 Pages Table of Content †¢ Introduction †¢ What is racism? †¢ History of Racism in Australia †¢ Effects †¢ Causes †¢ Where does racism come from? †¢ Who experiences racism? †¢ What can be done to fight racism? †¢ Where does racism come from? †¢ Graph †¢ Solution †¢ Conclusion †¢ Bibliography Racism Report INTO: The Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 led to the limitation of non-European migration, which became known as White Australian Policy .In 1901, 98% of people in AustraliaRead MoreRacism Is A Long And Controversial Issue1340 Words   |  6 PagesRacism has been a long and controversial issue in the United States. Workplace racism has existed just as long. In this report, I will discuss what race is and the five different types of racism, the types of workplace racism, the laws that were put in place to prevent workplace racism and the potential solutions to solving it. First, the question: What is race? Race is defined â€Å"as the biological heritage including physical characteristics such as one’s skin color and associated traits that peopleRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualitiesRead MoreIdeology Of Racism983 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Racism Introduction Racism is defined as the negative feeling towards people belonging to other races whereby a person firmly believes that to be true based on genetic endowment. Such negative feeling is justified by factors, such as failure, ego, economic setbacks, or resources. Racism is one of the greatest problems mankind faces as the dominant groups holding the notion that their superiority in biological endowment justifies them to mistreat other based on their race. Racism encompassesRead MoreTraditional Practices And Other Cultural Beliefs1748 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. Patricia Cardosa brings out issues of family values, racism and social expectations of women in the film ‘Real Women have Curves’. In the film, women are required by society or their families to fulfill specific family values against their wish. On the other hand, Villanueva raises similar issues in his autoethnography. In one part, the book is an autobiographical, giving detail of his life as an American of Puert o Rican origin living in New York since childhood. The other part gives Villanueva’s

Case Write-Up Free Essays

In the sense of the promotions, Population Services International distributed to both Raja and Maya $400,000 advertising dollars per year, which was the second largest of all advertisers In Bangladesh. Their approach was to skip the Intermediate level of Influences and go directly to consumers. In this case, It works to sell Raja condoms directly to the market since It’s more like a one-time use consumer products. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Write-Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, it’ll be difficult for Maya to build up the brand image since customers perceived Maya as a drug, which will bring more concerns when people try to buy oral contraceptives. Hence, it still needs recommendations from doctors to convey the effectiveness and proper information about the drug. Third, the pricing of Raja and Maya can also be an influence to their performance when compared to their competitors’ price. For example, Raja is priced more than competitor Tahiti, which is government sponsored condom manufacturer. The higher price of Raja made a premium image for customers to buy the condoms even If the price is higher. On the other hand, however, Maya is priced lower than its competitors, creating a hurting image that for oral medicines, cheaper may mean bad laity. And this situation got worse when it didn’t get the recommendations from intermediate level influences. Finally, the distributions for both products were to focus directly to customers. So SSI planned to sell their products via pharmacies, general stores, and pan stores. Nevertheless, the difference in nature of these two products caused deferent performance. For Raja, it’s easily to sell their products since men accounted for 80% of the purchasing behaviors of the birth control products. But it became difficult for Maya to have the same efficiency since people till prefer to see a doctors before decide which medicine is safe and reliable, which Is the critical cause for the sluggish sales of Maya. 2) How do you characterize the competitive environment in Bangladesh? That Is, when you look at SSI vs.. The other organizations In the space, how do they view each other? How does this differ from the other for-profit contexts we’ve studied? What might It mean for the strategy? ) Create a marketing plan for Improving sales of Maya Given the analysis that I described before, It Is the difference In nature that causes the difficulty to sell Maya successfully. In order to create a marketing plan for improvement, we need to modify the flaws in the previous one. To begin with I’ll suggest to create a new brand. To explain, it’s already been perceived by Bangladesh that Maya is a brand that is cheap and mistakenly regarded as an inferior product. Reputation, competing with their main competitors, which are the government sectors and Vast. So my recommendation for the price would be to price their oral contraceptives the same price around their competitors, getting rid of the inferior image of the product. Also, Its important to target their customers not only for males but males as well. The reason for this is because for the buying behaviors of the birth control products, 80% of the purchases were made by men. As a result. They can put more effort to their advertising to educate male customers the effectiveness of their products. Finally, to achieve SKI’S goal, which is to broaden their market share to help control Bangladesh population explosion, they’ll need to increase their profit margin to retailers and RPM (Rural Medical Practitioners) in order for them to promote more diligently to the end customers to increase the overall market share. To explain, the profit for retailers now are low due to the low pricing of the Maya. So increasing the price of the product will enable SSI to provide higher profit margin to retailers, incentives them to put more selling effort to sell out new product. For Ramps, they can be critical since they are the one that can reach out to distant area and provide their recommendations to consumers. So including the intermediate level of influences will bring a better communication and education to customers, enabling a better brand perception and awareness of the new products. By providing more profit incentives to RPM, we’ll be able to achieve this goal. 4) How will you evaluate your plan? How can you calculate the ROI? The â€Å"l† is relatively straightforward but how would you go about evaluating the â€Å"R? What challenges do you face in this regard as compared with most of the other cases we’ve discussed? How would you address it? In order for the plan to be feasible, we’ll need to take into account multiple data and information from the current selling circumstance of Maya to make a thorough evaluation. To begin with, I’ll conduct surveys to see how people perceive the Brand of Maya to make sure tha t the issue of he produce is the cheap quality and also to see the why customers are unwilling to try out Maya. Moreover, the COPY (Couple Years Protection) for industry and SMS (The Social Marketing Project) products from Exhibit 8 is an indicator for us to observe the change of market share and growth rate from 1978 to 1983. And based on the change throughout the years, we can further conclude whether the approach for Maya had problem that need to be addressed. Finally, I’ll try to get the distribution data from retailer, wholesaler, and smallholder to see how they sell their products in terms f the sales ranking of the products in the same category. Therefore, by using the data mentioned, we can reconstruct a new marketing plan for the new product and focus more on the culture of Bangladesh in terms of selling birth control products. Given our plan can be successfully implemented, we need to figure the challenge in the long run. And since the project is lunched by a not-for-profit agency, they mainly relied on funding to support their operation. According to the case, the barely earn profit by this product since the profit margin for the product is very low. Challenge, use project, longer no fund How to cite Case Write-Up, Papers

Negligence of Mactools Ltd towards Jessie-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the key issue as being the negligence on Part of MacTools Ltd towards two Parties Aurora and Jessie. Answer: Issue The case study highlights the key issue as being the negligence on part of MacTools Ltd towards two parties, i.e., Aurora and Jessie. Rule The best way to define negligence is the contravention of obligation of care, which results in the second party being injured owing to the negligent act of the first party (Latimer, 2012, p. 225). Further, the result of such actions is such that the second party is injured in a significant manner. For establishing a case of negligence, the second party is required to show to the court that there had been a presence of different elements like the duty of care, the breach of it, the injury, loss not being too remote, causation and foreseeability (Barnett and Harder, 2014, p. 148). The case of negligence begins by showing that there was a breach of duty of care. For this purpose, the presence of duty of care is to be shown, followed by showing that this duty of care had been contravened (Greene, 2013, p. 13). Whenever the duty of care is to be established, the leading case is that of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. This is an English case where the court held that the relation between the manufacturer and consumer was such that the acts done by manufacturer could harm the consumer. This is what happened in this case, as the breach of duty of care by the defendant occurred when he let the bottle of ginger bottle being contaminated with dead snail, and the consumption of this, led to the plaintiff being injured. The defendant had claimed that he had no duty as the bottle was consumed when the plaintiff was sitting at a caf and so it was the duty of the caf. As a result of this, the defendant was required to compensate the plaintiff for their loss (E-Law Resou rces, 2017). Next comes establishing that the second party suffered some harm or injury or loss. This loss has to be substantial in nature and cannot be too remote (McKendrick and Liu, 2015, p. 468). As the loss was deemed as too remote, the damages were not awarded in the case of Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd [1961] UKPC 2. Another requirement is to show that the injury was a direct result of the negligence of the defendant. The last requirement is to present that the loss was foreseeable (H2O, 2017). For this, the view of a prudent person is to be taken, as was held was judges in the case of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 40 (Swarb, 2015). Upon the presence of all these elements in one incident, a case of negligence can be made (Gibson and Fraser, 2014, p. 170). And once the court is satisfied that all of these elements were indeed present, the injured party can apply for damages for the emotional distress, physical injury and for economic loss (Eman uel, 2015, p. 9). One of the defenses which can be cited in cases of negligence is the contributory negligence of the second party. When the second party undertakes such an activity, due to which the injury sustained by them is contributed to, they are to be held liable for their part of contribution in the injury sustained by them. And in such cases, the damage awarded to them is apportioned (Dongen, 2014, p. 365). Froom v Butcher [1976] 1 QB 286 saw the damages being reduced by 100 as the plaintiff was not wearing the seat belt when the accident was caused by the defendant (Swarb, 2017). Application Aurora To show that MacTools Ltd had been negligent, there is a need to show that the duty of care was owed by them towards Aurora. In this case, the power drill was purchased by Mulan and used by Aurora. Applying the case of Donoghue v Stevenson, even though the product was purchased by another, but used by the consumer, the manufacturer would owe a liability of care towards the consumer. So, MacTools Ltd would owe a duty of care towards the consumer, i.e., towards Aurora. This duty of care was breached as MacTools Ltd did nothing to stop the chances of injury, when they knew that there had been a 1% chance of short circuit occurrence. This made the chances of injury foreseeable. By not taking the reasonable steps to stop this occurrence, MacTools Ltd had breached their duty of care. Moreover, unlike the case of Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd, the damages were substantial as the loss of eye is a significant issue. Also, a prudent person would have taken steps against such occurrence due to the foreseeability of the loss. Even 1% chance is reasonably foreseeable and on the basis of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, a prudent company would have taken steps to correct this chance. The injury of Aurora was a direct result of the breach of duty of care. And as all the required elements of negligence are present here, a case of negligence can be made by Aurora against MacTools Ltd. Though, the damages awarded to Aurora would be reduced on the basis of Froom v Butcher as she contributed towards her injury by not reading and adhering to the safety instructions. Jessie For judging the negligence of MacTools Ltd towards Jessie, the key point which needs to be evaluated is the foreseeability of loss. The breaking of vase due to power failure could not have been foreseeable by a prudent person on the basis of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, and due to these reasons, care could not have been undertaken by MacTools Ltd. Also, the duty of care was never owed by MacTools Ltd to Jessie as they did not have such a relation and proximity in it, where the actions of one could reasonably harm the other. So, a case of negligence by Jessie would not stand against MacTools Ltd. Conclusion In short, a case of negligence can be successfully made by Aurora against MacTools Ltd for their negligence; though, the damages awarded to her would be decreased. Also, a case of negligence against MacTools Ltd by Jessie would not stand References Barnett, K., and Harder, S. (2014). Remedies in Australian Private Law, Victoria: Cambridge University Press, p. 148. Dongen, E.V. (2014). Contributory Negligence: A Historical and Comparative Study. Boston: Brill Nijhoff, p. 365. E-Law Resources. (2017). Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 House of Lords. Retrieved from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Donoghue-v-Stevenson.php Emanuel, S.L. (2015). Emanuel CrunchTime for Torts, 5th ed, Frederick, MD: Wolters Kluwers, p. 9. Gibson, A., and Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law 2014, 8th ed, Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia, p. 170. Greene, B. (2013). Course Notes: Tort Law, Oxon: Routledge, p. 13. H2O. (2017). Wagon Mound (No. 1) -- "The Oil in the Wharf Case". Retrieved from: https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/4919 Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012, 31st ed, Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited, p. 225. McKendrick, W., and Liu, Q. (2015). Contract Law: Australian Edition, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 468. Swarb. (2015). Wyong Shire Council v Shirt; 1 May 1980. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/wyong-shire-council-v-shirt-1-may-1980/ Swarb. (2017). Froom v Butcher: CA 21 Jul 1975. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/froom-v-butcher-ca-21-jul-1975/

Reflective essay on confidentiality free essay sample

The subject I intend to reflect upon is confidentiality within a professional healthcare setting. Confidentiality formed a part of our professional issues lectures and it piqued my interest due to how differently it is interpreted within healthcare as opposed to education, which is my background. In an educational setting I was taught repeatedly that I could never ensure confidentiality between myself and a child. Comparing that to what I have now learnt in healthcare, this seemed to me almost the opposite way of working as I was used to and so I wish to reflect upon this. I intend to look at why confidentiality is so important within healthcare and how it relates to the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC) Code. I will look at the strategies in place to protect the privacy of healthcare users, including the areas where confidentiality is even more important. I will also be looking at the various occasions that arise in which a confidentiality can be breached and who should be informed in these cases and finally I hope to look at a case study where confidentiality was breached and use that information to help guide me to make better choices in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective essay on confidentiality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jasper (2011) tells us that reflection is the ability to see ourselves both physically and metaphorically. She also states that reflection can be looking again at something or in a different way. Somerville and Keeling tell us that reflection is the study of our thoughts, actions and focusing on our interaction and environments with the intention of fully seeing ourselves (Nursing Times, 2004). Bulman Schutz (2008) talk of reflection as being a tool to review experience, so that it may be â€Å"described, analysed [and] evaluated† then used to influence future practice. Sully Dallas (2010) state that reflection is essential in the nurse’s development into sound and responsive professionals and they cite Benner (2001) who stated that nursing cannot expand or fully develop without the practice of reflection. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005), reflection is a skill that is used on a regular basis and in all sorts of situations, such as important events in our lives. There are various reflective cycles available to help with the reflective practice and Johns’ cycle discusses the relationship between practitioners and supervisors and makes reflection a joint exercise, looking at the actions and consequences, the feelings behind it, the personal ethics involved and the knowledge gained (Johns, 1995). Alternatively, Gibbs’ cycle takes a slightly different approach and is cyclic in nature, it takes a similar reflective outline but moves on to conclusions and then action plans to guide future practice (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). There are other cycles available including Driscoll’s â€Å"What? So What? Now What? † reflective model which can help in more general reflective situations (University of Nottingham, 2012). However, I will write this essay using a reflective style instead of referring to reflective cycles. I intend to use this exercise to inform and prepare me for my future career and to explore a subject that has had some bearing on my life and will be increasingly more important as I continue down this career path. Confidentiality is an important aspect of healthcare including the entire spectrum of healthcare workers and settings. It is enshrined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Geneva (WMA, 2012) and the Hippocratic Oath (National Library of Medicine, 2012) as being a central part to our role as healthcare professionals since before healthcare became so structured. The reasons for keeping a confidence in the healthcare setting are summarised by Lockwood in that the information belongs to the patient who is giving it to the doctor and therefore the doctor has a responsibility to not misuse such information (2005). Lockwood also talks of the trust between a doctor and patient which would certainly break down should confidentiality be breached. Thompson, Melia Boyd (2000) tell me that the information a patient gives about themselves not only gives the healthcare professional power to help them but also gives them power over them. In this case, it is vital that healthcare professionals use information that is given to them wisely and with the utmost care. Seeing information about a healthcare user in such terms makes me realise that some information is not necessarily in the public domain and therefore I have a privilege and responsibility to not only care for the patient but also for the knowledge about them that I am privy to. I realise that, although I have a duty to retain confidentiality, I may be placed in a position where the confidence has to also include other healthcare professionals and I need to involve the patient in such a situation (ibid). It is also just as important to keep a confidentiality because of data protection legislation which enforces the rights of the individual to have their personal information prot ected (Legislation. gov. uk, 1998). So legally, healthcare professionals have a duty to protect the healthcare user’s personal information, at least to the  legal minimum, or face proceedings. On top of this though, there is a further responsibility placed on the healthcare professional to respect the right of the user to their private life and beliefs. This is outlined by the NMC’s Code (2012) which reiterates the Data Protection Act, 1998 and further clarifies the lengths that healthcare professionals should go to ensure the healthcare user’s confidentiality and privacy is protected. In my previous experience in education, guidelines to teacher-pupil relations involved not just teachers but all professionals in contact with pupils. From this I would understand that when an article states doctor-patient relations it would include all healthcare professionals’ not just doctors. I agree with Cornock in that a patient gives information to healthcare professionals in the hope that it can be used to assist in treatment (2009). If this confidentiality is breached, the patient may not feel comfortable to reveal all information for fear of it becoming more generally known. I personally believe that this can lead to less effective healthcare treatment and even a fear of receiving any treatment at all in cases of injury or disease that may be more of a societal taboo. The NMC Code (2008) states that healthcare professionals must â€Å"respect the patient’s right to confidentiality† and to discuss with the patient when any of their personal information will be passed to another member of the team; this is a much more formal and professional approach to dealing with information than I have experienced in the past and the onus is on me to ensure that I make the healthcare user fully aware of the ways in which their information will be utilised. This involves an aspect of communication in gaining a user’s trust and giving them the environment in which they feel they can be listened to and that their opinion will be valued. By doing this I am building a trust and confidence relationship with the patient. Once I have gained the trust of the patient and now have this information which can be used to better their quality of life, I need to be aware of the strategies in place to protect this information from the public domain. The NMC Code sets out guidelines for the nurse to ensure that information is protected. It requires the nurse to not discuss any information about the patient outside of the clinical setting, to not discuss patient’s cases in public places where it can be overheard and to not leave records unattended where they could be read by unauthorised people (ibid). These also encompass the use of internet social networking sites among others; I think that a â€Å"public place† also includes an area of the internet which can be read by people not connected with the healthcare setting. These three principles will help to ensure that any information the nurse gathers will not inadvertently travel to sources outside of the care of the patient. The Caldecott Report was a report carried out by the Department of Health about the use of patient information in the NHS with regards to confidentiality, especially in light of the increasing use of information technology. The report identified strategies that should be in place in healthcare settings to protect information (DoH, 1997). These included using the NHS number as an identifier instead of the patient’s name, using the least amount of identifiable information, educating healthcare professionals on the responsibility of holding such information, etc. A lot of the recommendations in the report are about ensuring the patient’s identification is kept separate from the details about their healthcare or keeping identifiable information to a minimum in case of inadvertent transfer. The protection of the patient’s privacy is paramount and the report sets out to help healthcare professionals ensure they maintain this privacy. Healthcare professionals have a duty to record data relevant to the patient for various reasons such as justifying decisions made, helping keep continuity of care consistent, to document delivery of care, etc. These records however need to be handled with exceptional care to ensure that they are not a source of leaking information. For this reason the NMC have strict guidelines as to how the records should be made and kept. The records need to be legible and signed and dated and held in accordance with the NMC guidelines and individual Trust’s instructions (NMC, 2009). There are areas though that confidentiality is considered a lot more important due to the nature of the health problems. My mother worked in sexual health for years and she emphasised the necessity of complete confidentiality in that area due to the â€Å"unseen† aspect of the health problems. It fascinated me as to how serious the implications of breaching a confidentiality could be in these situations, especially with public perceptions of certain sexually transmitted infections. A study done by Richard Ma on sexual health clinic users found that confidentiality within the sexual health clinics was the single most important quality to the user (Ma, 2007). He claims that this is  a consistent finding in previous studies done on sexual health and goes to support the idea that sexual health is an area that requires more attention to confidentiality between users and practitioners. The Department of Health have issued documents with regards to confidentiality and have specifically singled out sexually transmitted infections as needing to be treated with even more care with regards to the identity of the patient (DoH, 2006). There are cases however, when confidentiality needs to be breached, even in the case of sexual health. From my own experience and background in education and youth work, I understand the need to divulge information especially with regards to child abuse. It is the primary reason that confidentiality was not assured with the young people I worked with. From the NMC’s Code, I learn that it is similar within nursing practice. There is a clause under the confidentiality section which instructs nurses and midwives to disclose information when someone may be at the risk of harm, as long as it is in agreement with the law of the land (2008, op cit). Although this instruction can be applied more broadly than I previously used it, as it would include all adults, not just young people. Even broader than the scenario of child abuse however, is the issue of illness affecting judgement and therefore putting people at risk, such as the case of politician Mo Mowlam. Castledine talks about how Mowlam’s brain tumour affected her judgement and personality and how the doctor’s hand were tied as Mowlam refused to divulge that she had such a life threatening and personality changing illness when she entered into the Good Friday peace talks with Northern Ireland (Castledine, 2010). The issue Castledine raises is that thousands of lives could have been at risk if the Good Friday peace talks were not successful and it would not have been sensible to allow someone to be involved who could potentially harm those talks. In this case, the doctor did not divulge but I wonder, as a healthcare professional, how easy it would be to interpret the NMC rules and how thin the line between breaking the code, and therefore the law, and supporting it would be. From reading up on the subject, the boundaries do not seem to be clear and Betty Lynch confirms this in her guidelines to breaching confidentiality (Lynch, 2006). She states that it is not always easy to know when to breach confidentiality and so she directs the reader to five questions that would aid in whether breaching the confidentiality would also be breaking the law. These questions include whether to gain consent, the reasons behind disclosing, what is to be disclosed, who will be receiving the information and are they duty bound to keep it confidential, and finally whether disclosing the confidential information is a proportionate response to protect the patient or others. Lynch is dealing mainly with the sharing of information between agencies, but the guidelines can be used in dealing with situations as a healthcare professional to ensure that when confidentiality is breached, it is being breached legally and in line with the NMC Code. In some situations however, the consent of the patient cannot be given. Such cases are usually to do with a consideration of public safety and taking into account the broader ramifications of the information and whether it concerns more than just the patient (2012, op cit). There are also laws dictating what has to be disclosed and it is usually with regards to the Road Traffic Act, terrorism and public health issues. As a healthcare professional, I have no choice whether I disclose a confidentiality related to such issues but there are some cases where it is not so clear. Take the controversy caused by Margaret Haywood, the nurse who tried to report failing standards through the proper channels and in the end resorted to filming the practices of fellow healthcare professionals in a care home. The NMC struck her off the register for breaching patient confidentiality (Nursing Times, 2009) because they claimed that she had failed to get the consent of the patients that she was filming. However, there was support for Haywood’s actions as it highlighted the substandard care of the elderly. Higginson (2009) writes that exposing the mistreatment of the elderly is more important than being confidential. It is support like this and others that has helped to reinstate Haywood into nursing. However it does concern me that should I be working in a place where patients were being harmed or neglected I would be unable to help because of the fear of breaching confidentiality and the backlash against me. Confidentiality is a delicate subject and seems incredibly difficult to manoeuvre around to ensure that, as a healthcare professional, I do not unnecessarily breach a confidence and yet, I also divulge the correct information to the correct people. However, I can fully understand the need of the laws and NMC to insist upon almost absolute confidence. Reading about the case of â€Å"Janet†, the nurse who divulged information about a patient A in an unsatisfactory manner to the family and made unfounded remarks to A’s friends about her condition, I realise how damaging and hurtful breaching a confidence is and could have contributed to the rapid decline of the patient’s health (British Journal of Nursing, 2005). This just emphasises once again, how much power I hold over a healthcare user and how much responsibility comes with that. Moving from an education background into a healthcare future is revealing some similarities and a lot of differences as to how things are done. The issue of confidentiality piqued my interest as it seemed so different in the two settings and yet, I had expected it to be a lot more similar. I think that I laboured under the false assumption that confidentiality was only assured between doctor and patient and in sensitive subjects such as sexual health. I did not expect that confidentiality would be so important for the nurse or healthcare assistant in dealing with simple and routine procedures. I have discovered that confidentiality is of the utmost importance throughout healthcare and is given the strictest guidelines in various healthcare codes of conduct. I have learnt that there are stringent practices to ensure that confidentiality is not breached and that data is completely protected. Looking into the various laws and acts regarding protection of privacy reaffirms its value and importance with healthcare users as well as healthcare authorities. I have never worked in a healthcare setting and so learning the strategies that protect patient confidentiality is an important learning curve for me. I need to ensure that I hold the NMC guidelines foremost in my mind as I work with healthcare users and make certain that I adhere to the rules set out by the hospitals or care homes I am working in. When I first started working in education I had to make a point of familiarising myself with procedures and rules within my place of work and I need to take this forward and continue the same practice in the placements and work places I will find myself in. This means talking to the supervisor or manager with regards to their policies on confidentiality and following those rules alongside the NMC’s Code rules. I also must ensure that I learn to judge when confidentialities must be breached and remember to include the patient as much as possible with the decisions I make regarding this. I intend to look further into this subject and make it one of my highest priorities to get this part of my studies and future work as a nurse right so as to keep faith with healthcare users and provide them with the best healthcare experience I possibly can.

Mtv vs. nonconformity essays

Mtv vs. nonconformity essays MTV is gradually robbing the youth of their personality. MTV is currently the leading authority on whats cool and whats not. In this essay I will discuss how MTV influences American youth and how Ralf Waldo Emerson might have agreed with the views expressed here within. MTV stands for Music Tele-Vision but has less to do with music then its name suggests. MTV is a corporate roll model. Emerson would agree that MTV preaches conformity through content. All of the people that appear to be normal are selected very carefully and must adhere to what the most recent definition of cool is. MTV celebrates the individual and then turns around and celebrates anyone that can be similar. MTV has perfected the technique of using ones weakness to his advantage, by finding ways to profit from their own hypocrisy. When a musician crosses into stardom, MTV immediately glamorizes whatever new or unique look or style, the artist developed and markets it to the youth as acceptable or cool. Incase of any doubt, the network has set up reality shows involving normal people (just like you?) who are wearing, acting, or displaying the product or belief that MTV wants to sell, therefor reinforcing the idea as mainstream cool. "For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure" Emerson so truthfully states in his essay Self-Reliance. The youth today is very concerned with ima ge, and they have experienced acceptance when they trust the views and style that MTV dictates as cool. People often judge others based upon their appearance or opinion, and if one has an average or accepted appearance or opinion, than the majority will accept them. This is comforting to youth that are not really sure who they are yet, and whether or not people (especially the opposite sex) will like them. The youth have forfeited their individuality for the ...

If Jack is the id, Ralph the ego and Piggy the super-ego in Lord of Research Paper

If Jack is the id, Ralph the ego and Piggy the super-ego in Lord of the Flies, which characters are the id, ego and super-ego in The Sun Also Rises - Research Paper Example The paper attempts to identify the Id, Ego and super-ego in the story The Sun Also Rises comparing the roles of the characters with those of Lord of the Flies where Jack is the id, Ralph is the ego and Piggy is the super ego. The first story depicts the power sharing relationship among some British school children that are individualized with their distinct personality traits. But the later projects the life of a group of characters that are driven by different conflicting forces at the same time. It is necessary to mention that the three protagonists of Golding’s story—Jack, Piggy and Ralph are the allegorical representation of the three different components of human psyche. Ralph represents the consciousness of mind (ego) when he is guided by rationality, while Piggy acts as a voice of conscience representing the super-ego. â€Å"Ralph is practical and organized. For him the most important thing is to light a fire so that the boys can be recognized† (Golding, 14). Jack on the other hand is driven by violent desire for power, hunting, aggression and all other primitive impulses. In Hemingway’s story the characters are in fact multi-layered. Jake indulges carnal desires toward s his fiancà ©e Brett but he also recognizes his physical limitation caused by thee war and this torments his moral self. Brett is always in a frolicking mood enjoying temporary passing affairs. But it is also true that she truly loves Jake and her multiple affairs can be arising from her lack of gratification in Jake’s love. For example, when Jake says, â€Å"there’s not a damn thing we could do†(Golding, 26), Brett replies, â€Å" I don’t want to go through that hell again†. She goes to San Sebastian with Cohn, formerly had a relation with Mike, Patched up with Pedro, the bullfighter in no time. But she has an ultimate realization that keeps her from sexual intimacy. Cohn is a character that is comparatively less intricate, dependent on the

July's People by Nadine Gordimer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

July's People by Nadine Gordimer - Term Paper Example The book addresses the civil war and its outcomes and how the apartheid caused a great lot of disturbance to the livelihood of the people. The characters of the story have been built in a practical and bleak way by the author Nadine Gordimer. There were a lot of criticisms on the book for its addressing the apartheid system and but still managed to stand out from the rest. This paper will deal with the characters and the parts they got to play in the novel. When the characters are looked into, it becomes clear that there is a multi dimensional approach carried on by the author. The characters in the story differ from one another in a huge way and it could be understood well only with a thorough reading. There is not a single character which was vague and the story is well known for showcasing the strong sides of characters. With the book, we can understand that the character of a person is the bundle of what a person is and it depends hugely over the environment in which the person i s brought up. The story revolves around the characters Bamford, Maureen, July and Martha. Bam and Maureen need to leave Johannesburg because of the civil war scenario that disoriented the entire area. The Smale family comprises of Bam, Maureen and children Victor, Gina and Royce. In the 1980s, the civil war broke out and there were scenarios like black killing the white and other way around. As a result of continuous suppression, the black retaliates and wants to take hold of the South Africa. The Smales who are the South African liberals were affected by the sudden turn of events and they had to leave the place to only found shelter with July. July is the loyal black servant and he assures to take them to their house to keep them safe. The characters of the books show some gradual and steady change with time and through the well connected events, the author establishes it to be a practical one. All the characters were etched out well and in a realistic manner. The novel perfectly d eals with the aspect, shift of power and what impact it could bring in. The Smales family had to depend on July for their survival and July makes them stay in their mother’s house. When there is a shift in control, things change on various fronts. Nadine Gordimer has focused on this aspect in the novel and has provided a detailed account on it. Gordimer’s characterization touches upon this radical shift of power from the master and the confusing state of behavior and talks that arise out of it. One of the central themes of the book is power and the consequences surrounding it. It deals with great ease how it will be for those who were used to have power or command over a person and how new it will be for the person who has the taste of power for the first time. Overall, the book touches upon different facets of life with greater ease. As far as the characterization of the Smales is concerned, the author made sure to highlight their state as masters who had the blacks a s their loyal servant. Gordimer, right from the beginning of the story, gives a wider picture over the happenings in the lives of the Smales how, with greater difficulty, they try to adjust with the current position. They sometimes do not seem to remember their present situation and still continues with the masterly tone with July. Especially, the book deals with conversations between Maureen and July and the confrontations that arise therein. Bam and Maureen still hold backs the masterly relation that they have

Andy Warhol: Modernism Vs Postmodernism

Andy Warhol: Modernism Vs Postmodernism By reference to both art works and writings- within the period of 1950-1970, critically discuss to the extent in which Andy Warhol has produced art after Modernism. In what ways has the artist upheld, adapted or rejected modernist values. This essay will critically discuss the extent to which Andy Warhol upheld, adapted or rejected Modernist values which will further investigate how Warhol created art after Modernism. In order to answer this question the main Modernist values will be discussed, these include ideas such as avant-garde, the machine age, transhistorical, equilibrium, aesthetic, individualism, form, purity, essentialism, universality. This will then form the basis to which a conclusion will be made as to whether or not Andy Warhol upheld, adapted or rejected these Modernist values. Modernism described cultural tendencies and a cultural movement which started in the late 19th century and ran into the early 20th Century which fixes its origins at the shattering of cultural symbols and norms. Modernist artists believed that the traditional, social and political order is no longer able to portray the modern needs as different from the past. They sought stylistic innovations that could better expose their present reality. The first Modernist value to be discussed is avant-garde. The Modernist avant-garde practice can be defined as the combination of three qualities: technological experimentation, aesthetic engagement with the means of signification and an immanent social political commitment. This definition refers to Modernists experimental and innovative art which pushed boundaries of what was socially accepted. Warhol emerged alongside Neo-avant-garde in the mid 1950s, where Modernist values were subverted by the values associated with modern art within the Modernist period through the eruption of more diverse, new practices. Warhol and his Pop Art work was an example used to show that the neo avant-garde is an avant-garde that exists as a mere inauthentic mirage of the avant-garde of the 1910s and 20s. Warhols use of the photographic silk screening process was the decisive step by which Warhol aligned his working method with the content of his paintings. It was through this step that he made conspicuous and quite specific contribution to the advance of avant-garde art. The neo-avant-garde was a new take on avant-garde which wanted to bridge the gap between life-as-art and art-as-life and remodel our day to day existence. Pop Art was used to tell a melancholic story of arts inability to imagine socially better works. Warhol therefore adapted the Modernist value of the avant-garde where he added to the ideas of this Modernist value. He did this by adapting to the ever globalising society and created new means of creating and viewing artworks. In the 1960s, Andy Warhol created several mass-produced images from photographs of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor. He used the technique of silkscreen printing, this is seen as neo-avant-garde. This can be seen in his Turquoise Marilyn (Fig 1.) is based on a publicity still of Marilyn Monroe, with vivid colours highlighting her eyes, lips and earrings. He also famously replicated the same image in a variety of different colours. Warhol created many pieces using the silkscreen technique which was a useful technique as many of the same image was easily replicable. This idea leads me onto the next Modernist value of the Machine Age. Within the Modernist period, artists had to come to terms with the idea of machines. Many embraced the idea, soughing to fuse art and life through an expanded approach to mass culture, performance and production. For example the Italian Futurists encompassed the ever advancing machine age. They created work whereby they repeated shapes over and over like a machine. Warhol sought to be machine like in his everyday life and also his artwork. He did this by using repetition in a lot of his work. He stated: I think everybody should be like a machine, I think everybody should be like everybody. Within his day to day life he acted like a machine and this was reflected within his work entitled Campbells Soup Cans (Fig.2.) He claims he created this piece of work because he drank it daily, it was a routine. I use to have the same lunch everyday, for twenty yearsthe same thing over and over again. Warhol liked the idea of other people creating the same work as him; he said I think it would be so great if more people took up the silk screens so that no one would know whether my picture was mine or someone elses. People thought that this would turn the art world upside down yet Warhol argued back by repeating that he just wanted to be machine like; I feel that whatever I do and do machine like is what I want to do. While working as a commercial artist Warhol believed the process of doing work in commercial art was machine-like, but the attitude had feeling to it. This feeling within work was seen as bad to Warhol as he wanted to be more detatched from his work, hence the wanted to be machine like. Peter Halley admired Warhols work and felt that one had a sense that one could actually participate in the making of the work. This was what Warhol was aiming for. He upheld the Modernist value of the machine age and brought it further forward into a more developed art practice ideal. Warhol upheld the Modernist value of the machine age through his use of repetition and other people doing his work for him. Earlier mentioned was that Warhol wanted to be like a machine, thus meaning that he rejected the Modernist value of Individualism. His work has been described as having a sense that one could actually participate in the making of the work. The idea of art not being individual caused emphasis on depersonalized production process, forming an attack on the artists role. Transhistorical is another Modernist value which can be said to create timelessness among Modernist art. It described the same style yet a change in materials throughout history. The intention of artwork has been described as fulfilling the idea of the transhistorical, it specifies the invariant condition for something being art in every world and which there is art at all. The transhistorical concept of art is the largely unacknowledged foundation for the first general art history. Warhols art has been described as providing an illustration of the essential emptiness of art. His art can be seen as the termination point for the visual arts in world history when art as a medium has become inadequate, exhausted. In relation to the question, Warhol would be seen to reject the modernist value of the transhistorical, this is because he changed art itself, not just the mediums used. The next Modernist issue which I am going to address is the idea of Equilibrium. Equilibrium stands for a balance, where by a considered harmonious decision making process takes place within art. Warhol seems to reject the idea of equilibrium, when the equilibrium is not in itself so intrinsically compelling, and the handling of the paint is kept adamant, the result is that the painting tends not to hold the eye: the spectators eye keeps bouncing off, no matter how hard he tries to keep it fixed on the painting that has no inherent depth and ends up erecting a kind of hand ball court for the eye. Another Modernist value is aesthetic which is an emotion derived from the appearance of artwork. The aesthetic was very important to Modernist artists as they aimed to create a spiritual place for the viewer observing their art. Warhol incorporated the idea of the symbolism between the aesthetic of art works and those of other non art products. Warhol as it were redefined aesthetic experience in terms of critical resistance. Warhol developed his own comprehensive aesthetic theories, so we can say that Warhol adapted the Modernist idea of the aesthetic. He did this by changing the way in which we viewed work by changing the way in which work was made. Form was another important value in Modernism where Clement Greenberg drew much attention to the importance of form and in particular; flatness. Greenberg believed flatness was wanted in art because it was what something which was exclusive to painting. He says: For painting, such a focus means, most importantly, the exploration and assertion of flatness, that is, of the two dimensionality that distinguishes a painting from a sculpture. Warhol used form in his work, but in a way that differed to most Modernists work. Form is the organisation of materials. Warholsuse of photo silk screensplays a role in the progressive discarding of paintings tradition-laden baggage, while preserving its form. The Modernists values of Purity and Essentialism link together in Modernist work, as they refer to what is needed in art works and what is essential and left after everything is taken away. It was Warhol himself who revealed as mearly accidental most of the things his predecessors supposed essential to art he brought the history to an end by demonstrating that no visual criterion could not solve the problem through art alone. Warhol reproduces rather than represents, he seems to reject artistic sophistication, he does not take authorship for his work. Earlier mentioned he was said to wish for others to create his work for him, however, he strips his works down into a limited palette of colours, rather than defining every detail he uses only the essential lines so that the viewer can recognise what the subject matter is. Warhol has adapted the ideas of purity and essentialism. The final Modernist value is universality and the idea that art applies to everyone and that everyone can respond to art work. He does this by using famous people so that the everyday man could recognise his subject matter, he also believed that anyone could be an artist and wanted equality in society. Warhol also used everyday objects or subjects in his work, so that everyone could relate to his art. He upheld the Modernist Value of universality, for example in designing his Brillo Box-Soap Pads (Fig.3.) out of an every day material to show the defining role of theory to be a universal truth about all art. Warhol speaks of making his Brillo Boxes in conjunction with his Campbells soup cans: I did all the (Campbells soup) cans in a row on a canvas, and then I got a box made to do them on a box, and then it looked funny because it didnt look real I did the cans on the box, but it came out looking funny. I had the boxes already made up. They were brown and looked just like boxes, so I thought it would be great just to do an ordinary box. The second part of the question asks how Warhol created art after Modernism, through influence of modernist values Warhol successfully created art after modernism in the movement entitled Pop Art. Lawrence Alloway was the first person to render the idea of Pop Art in 1958 which he described as mass produced culture , it then became commonly used to describe new works of art which had been produced in the period that had become a central stylistic concept of the pop scene and a synonym for the cultural movement for the period in general. Warhol became part of this movement through his use of colour and subject. Art is anything you can get away with was a famous statement by Andy Warhol, who produced artwork after the Modernist period which influenced and inspired many. Warhol was born in Pittsburgh in 1928 and died in 1987. He moved to New York and became a successful graphic designer in the early 1950s, he worked for shoe fashions and as designer of display windows, then towards the late 1950s he began to produce and exhibit his own drawings, in 1960 he produced his first canvas and then he developed into an chic artist becoming part of the up and coming avant-garde movement known as Pop Art. If they told me to draw a shoe, Id do it, and if they told me to correct it, I would-Id do anything they told me to do, correct it and do it right. Id have to invent it and now I dont; after that correction those commercial drawings would have feelings , they would have a style. The attitude of those who hired me had feeling or something to it; they knew what they wanted, they insisted; sometimes they got very emotional. The process of doing work in commercial art was machine-like, but the attitude had feeling to it. Warhol was described as mercilessly debunking Modernist protocols. Warhol took an anti-Modernist approach in some aspects of his art work and disregarded the Modernist idea of Abstract Expressionism; a movement deeply informed by its subject matter and the artists attitudes towards their themes directing their attitudes towards form and process. Warhols process of creating Silkscreens was a whole new technique. The silkscreen is simply a stencil, however Warhol combined it with photographical techniques which created different tonal ends. Warhol selected his images from newspapers and magazines he then sent it to a commercial silkscreen makers with a note as to the desired dimensions of the screen and the number of colours to be printed. When the screen had been prepared for printing, it was returned to Warhols Factory. This process of silk screening meant Warhol could reproduce work quickly, simply and identically. Warhol also employed assistants to print his silk screens in his Factory. Warhols use of silkscreening can also be linked to the earlier point of universiality as this technique was mass produced and identical mirrored his views on an equal society. Warhol was openly homosexual and his anti Modernist position educated his most renowned subjects, Marylin Monroe (Fig.4.) and Elizabeth Taylor. These celebrities were as much gay icons as objects of male heterosexual desire, not just because of their publicised suffering in heterosexual relationships, and his silkscreen-printed portraits of 1962-3 the garish inks virtually functioned as make-up, creating drag queen connotations. The Coca Cola bottle represents an image of mass produced consumer culture which was encountered often in American society. Andy Warhols 210 Coca Cola Bottles (Fig. 5.) was made using the printing technique common to most of his work. The stacking of his products in rows implied a submission to the routinisation of supermarket-era shopping, as well as mimicking the techniques of mass production. This also links to the earlier mentioned idea of universiality In conclusion, Andy Warhol changed art as was once know. He upheld the Modernist ideas of the machine age and the universal, whilst rejecting the idea of equilibrium, purity and essentialism and finally adapting the ideas of the avant-garde and aesthetic. Finally he said: Someday everybody will think just what they want to think and then everybody will properly be thinking alike; that seems to be whats happening. I feel that this sums up art after Modernism as it shows how the changing ideas are adapting the ever changing world.

Philosophical Groundwork of a New and Innovative Teaching

The purpose of Montaigne's â€Å"Education of Children† is to lay down the philosophical groundwork for a new and innovative way of teaching children. The purpose of this new system is to foster the child's intellectual growth as opposed to filling the child's head with facts that he regurgitates, but does not understand. In Montaigne's words, the education should put a child â€Å"through its paces, making it taste things, choose them, and discern them by itself† (110). As well as encouraging intellectual growth, Montaigne also intends to promote wisdom, character and physical development as a way of education the entire person. Montaigne's assertion is that the purpose behind education should not be for the sole aim of the increase in knowledge, but â€Å"to have become better and wiser by it† (112). The overall effect of the education should be to produce an individual that is both wise and happy; according to Montaigne the two are irreconcilably bound, as â€Å"the surest sign of wisdom is constant cheerfulness† (119). The methods used to achieve Montaigne's ideal education are a mixture of the ability and talent of the tutor; the individual attention paid to a student and the well-rounded nature of the curriculum. Montaigne asserts that a pupil is only as good as the skill of his tutor. The ideal tutor in Montaigne's eyes would be one that is more wise than learned, having â€Å"a well made rather than a well filled head† (110). The tutor should not have the student repeat what is told to him, as the goal of the education is not to memorize, but rather to learn. The tutor should be a guide in order to offer the ideas of great authors to the student and then â€Å"let him know how to make them his own† (111). Furthermore, the tutor is only responsible for one student at a time and without interference from parents. Being alone with the student allows the tutor to truly become aquatinted with the student†s aptitudes and allows for the formulation of an individual and personal education for the one pupil. The actual subjects to be learned are divided by not only the discipline of study, but also the development of physical ability, moral fiber and interpersonal skills. The development of mind, body and spirit together leads to the transformation of a child to a well-rounded man. Montaigne believes in the training of the body as well as the mind, a typically Greek concept. The tutor, therefore, is responsible for physical training as â€Å"it is not enough to toughen his soul; we must also toughen his muscles† (113). The training of body serves a duel purpose, to ease the burdened mind by giving it something else to think about and by building up the pupil's body in order to fight off injury and disease. It is only after his body has been trained that the intellectual education can begin. Intellectually, Montaigne believes in beginning the students formal education with the sciences, in order to foster the understanding of the world's natural laws. The tutor should â€Å"explain to him the meaning of logic, physics, geometry, rhetoric and the science he chooses† as a way to give him â€Å"the marrow and the subject predigested† (118). This explanation of basic scientific principles gives the student the ability to understand and interpret the passages written by famous scientists given to him by the tutor. This assertion, that children should be allowed to recognize important information for themselves, is the cornerstone of Montaigne's theory of education. The other subjects to be studied should be literature and philosophy, and should be taught in the same manner as the sciences. Montaigne argues against the study of grammar and classical languages, such as Greek or Latin, as he believes these to be grounded in memorization as opposed to logical thought and reasoning. Montaigne asserts that the purpose of education is to produce â€Å"not a grammarian or a logician, but a gentleman† (125). However, despite the discourse on formal education, the actual intellectual instruction received is secondary to the child's overall development as a person. The next part of the child's education is argued by Montaigne to be the most important. The tutor should not only be an instructor on the matters of reason and logic, but also a moral force in the life of the student. The tutor's job is to instill strong virtues in the child while he is still young, â€Å"instructing him in the good precepts concerning valor, prowess, magnanimity, and temperance, and the security of fearing nothing† (120). The tutor is to teach the child moderation, civic responsibility, humility and a â€Å"honest curiosity to inquire into all things† (114). The goal of this instilling of virtues is to create an adult, â€Å"guided only by reason,† who is as capable of making wise decisions as well as being educated (114). The student, only after the competition of a great deal of education in academics and virtues, is taught a final lesson about interactions with others. At some point in the education the pupil is expected to interact with others and put his education to use. The student is expected to visit other countries in order to interact with a diverse array of people and cultures. Through these interactions the pupil will further his own education by rubbing and polishing his â€Å"brains with the contact with those of others† (112). The informal education through experience leads the student to gain a grasp of social situations and begin to understand the way society works. The ultimate goal in this is to have the student â€Å"put everything to use† by finding valuable education in all of those around him (114). Montaigne even goes so far as to assert that eventually â€Å"even the stupidity and weakness of others will be an education to him† (115). Overall, with the completion of the relationship between tutor and pupil the end result will be a reasoning, virtuous, educated and extremely wise individual who will be well equipped to deal with the world and who will be constantly bettering himself.

Micromanagement: Leadership and Shelly

Answer to Case of â€Å"Micromanagement† Q1: Is George guilty of micromanaging? Why or why not? Answer: No. George hates micromanaging and even disagrees that he is micromanaging. He thinks â€Å"micromanaging† is an excuse that Shelly threw out to dissemble her incapability, for the reason that a successful manager would never micromanage those employees who are capable enough. In additional, he thought Shelly is not so enthusiastic and hungry-to-learn as the beginning, which costs him a lot of time to correct her mistakes. Therefore, George may be angry rather than guilty.Q2: What influence tactics does George use with Shelly and what is her reaction to those tactics? Give an example to support your response. To what degree do his tactics engender trust with Shelly? Answer: George used 1) Rational persuasion, 2) Ingratiation, 3) Pressure. 1) Rational persuasion. After reading the release draft at the first time, George recommended a new title, and Shelly countered tha t she doesn’t agree. To make Shelly align with him, George used the rational persuasion tactic to analyze the situation logically and give evidence, and argued why he consists to use such a strong title.The reaction of Shelly here is she pursed her lips and nodded slightly, which means she wanted to argue, but gave up and accepted his suggestion reluctantly. Without enough participation from Shelly, George made the decision himself, largely harming the trust between them in this situation. 2) Ingratiation. After persuading Shelly to adopt his suggestion, George tried to encourage Shelly a little bit by flattering her: â€Å"Thanks Shel, you are the best†. Ingratiation tactic was used here.However, Shelly didn’t feel any happiness when hearing this, and she no longer like him as before. Again, the trust was failed to engender. 3) Pressure. This tactic was used many times in this case. For example, George demanded Shelly to do two things on the release. George als o said: â€Å"I count on you to get these things right. † Etc. Shelly had different response on the two situations I mentioned above. In the first case, Shelly accepted George’s suggestion reluctantly. In the second case, Shelly made up her mind nd defended herself by explaining why she wrote it in her way but not George’s way. Obviously, trust was failed to engender again since Shelly didn’t meet George’s expectation, and she was unsatisfied with George as well. Q3: Using our knowledge of the â€Å"full-range of leadership† model presented in class, how would you classify the type of leader behavior used by George to manage Shelly? Be specific and provide an example. Answer: To my understanding, George manages Shelly with the transactional leadership. To be specific, he used Management-by-Exception actively.For example, once George found a mistake on the unfinished release draft, he gave feedbacks and corrections immediately. Then he starte d to follow the case, and tried to monitor and correct Shelly’s mistakes and keep things constructive in an active manner. This is exactly as Rich said, â€Å"when George takes an interest, hands-on isn’t the beginning of it. He’s elbow deep in the stuff. † He thought he was providing guidance and necessary feedbacks to Shelly so that she would improve. This type of leadership behavior is a part of transactional leadership.Q4: The Company in this case is not meeting its goals regarding visibility, leads and sales. Shelly is responsible for this functional area of the business. What should George do to lead her more effectively to meet these business objectives? Answer: George can lead Shelly more effectively in several ways. Firstly, according to the Leader-Member Exchange theory, Shelly belongs to the out-group of George’s team. In this group, the relationship between leader and members is cold and impersonal with formal leader authority and less effective influence on members.Under this tense relationship, eventually, members would be tired off to boss by bad performance and less OCBs. To make it better, George can try to give Shelly more freedom, latitude, and responsibility, give her more support, and try to build trust with Shelly. In return, Shelly would probably generate higher performance and satisfaction, and greater dependability, involvement, and eventually, better OCBs would occur as well. By bringing Shelly from out-group to in-group, Shelly could enhance her performance and meet company’s business objectives more effectively.Secondly, George should learn how to apply efficient transactional leadership on Shelly. Besides the MBE active he uses, he should also use contingent reward and punishment. By using this tactic would help Shelly better meet George’s expectations. In this situation, George should communicate with Shelly and give her clear guidance on what would be rewarded and what would be pun ished, and deliver the promised rewards or punishments every time, therefore, trust would be built between George and Shelly.Thirdly, after effective application of transaction leadership, George should go beyond it and try to upgrade to transformational leadership. Transformational leadership requires more trust, credibility and integrity between George and Shelly. George should empower Shelly at a higher level, trust her and respect her decisions. Besides, George should discuss with Shelly about what are their shared goals and values, deliver the company’s short-term and long-term objectives to Shelly, and let she know how her work and efforts would help company to approach the objectives.Moreover, George should move Shelly to address higher needs besides salary, such as bigger growth opportunity, etc. Also, according to Bass’s theory, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration are some useful methods well implementing transformational leadership. Overall, using transformational leadership would help Shelly to perform beyond George’s expectation, so that their team would finally achieve company’s business objectives more effectively.